Optimized electrode formulation for enhanced performance of graphite in K-ion batteries

Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging notably due to the reversible K+ intercalation into graphite. So far, optimization of graphite electrode formulation remains, however, be investigated. This work thus proposes optimize ionic (porosity) and electronic percolation networks as well mechanical properties electrodes for KIBs. To do so, carbon black amount (CB) calendering is first adjusted. Then carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) used, with different functional groups contents, co-binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa). The best electrodes, made 95/5/8/2 wt.% graphite(SLP30)/CB(C65)/CMCNa/SBR(Synthomer) 2.4 mg cm−2 loading 35% porosity, deliver ∼250 mAh g−1 during depotassiation at 5C only ∼0.3 V polarization 205 potassiation 1C (3-electrodes configuration). In addition, no capacity loss observed after 55 cycles C/5 potassiation/1C a low volume expansion (11%) compared 24% without SBR 35 cycles. These results highlight that appropriate significantly improves structure/cohesion/elasticity (i.e. management), leading better power performance retention Finally, considering further improvements expected by tuning electrolyte formulation, this will benefit development high energy